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98 additives
E471 (mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids) is doubtful (mushbooh). The fatty acids can come from plants (halal) or animal fat (doubtful unless from a halal animal). Because manufacturers rarely state the source, treat it as doubtful and check with the maker or look for a halal-certified product.
Standard gelatine is usually made from pork or non-halal beef, so it is treated as non-halal. Halal-certified gelatine (from halal-slaughtered cattle) and plant-based gelling agents such as agar (E406), pectin (E440) and carrageenan (E407) are halal alternatives.
Mushbooh means an additive's permissibility is unclear because its source can be either animal or plant. Islam encourages avoiding the doubtful. In practice, confirm the source with the manufacturer or choose a product carrying halal certification.
Carmine (E120, also called cochineal or natural red 4) is a red colour made from insects. Most scholars consider it impermissible, so it is best avoided. Plant-based red colours like beetroot red (E162) are halal alternatives.
No. Halal certification looks at the whole product and process, not just additives. Even if every additive is halal, only a listing on the MUIS HalalSG register (or equivalent certification) confirms a product or eatery is halal-certified.